2, the surrender was formally signed and accepted, officially ending the conflict. Japan surrendered shortly after the second atomic bomb was unleashed on the island nation and Sept. The war in the Pacific continued, but the Allies made significant progress there through battles at Iwo Jima, the Philippines, and Okinawa, and Japan started to retreat from China.
Roosevelt also died in April but of natural causes. Bombs still fell on London and Germany in 1945, but before April was over, two of the Axis leaders would be dead and Germany's surrender would soon follow. Liberation of concentration camps, such as Auschwitz, made the extent of the Holocaust clearer to the Allies.
Ors Survivors of Auschwitz leaving the camp at the end of World War II, Poland, February 1945. The end of the year saw Winston Churchill and Josef Stalin meeting in Iran to discuss the invasion of France. The Soviets continued expelling Germans from their territory, and the Battle of Kursk was key. In the Pacific, Allied forces gained territory in New Guinea-to attempt to protect Australia from Japanese invasion-as well as Guadalcanal. The Germans successfully rescued Mussolini, and battles in Italy between forces in the north and south drug on. The autumn of the year saw the fall of Italy to Allied forces, prompting Germany to invade there. But Bletchley codebreakers and long-range aircraft inflicted a serious toll on the U-boats, pretty much ending the Battle of the Atlantic. The tide was finally turning, though not fast enough for the people in the 27 merchant vessels sunk by Germany in the Atlantic in four days in March. Stalingrad turned into Germany's first major defeat in 1943, and the North Africa stalemate ended, with the surrender of the Axis powers to the Allies in Tunisia.
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